1 序言 啤酒釀造屬于控制性發酵, 需要抑制和杜絕雜菌的污染和生長繁殖。啤酒釀造中如果某一環節處理不嚴格就帶進雜菌, 雜菌的代謝產物是影響啤酒口味純凈的主要因素。目前,啤酒的生產工藝大都采用了錐形罐發酵工藝,相對來說清酒之前的生產過程都在密閉的罐體或管路中進行,微生物控制相對穩定。清酒生產是在啤酒生產中唯一一個低溫狀態下經過復雜管路輸送及添加物料的工序,影響清酒微生物狀態的因素增多,為整個啤酒生產的微生物控制的薄弱環節。 2 清酒生產流程簡介 從清酒生產流程可以看出,自待濾酒的過濾至清酒的貯存,每一個環節衛生處理不好均會成為微生物控制的隱患,下面我們也是著重從清酒生產的各個環節來查找影響清酒微生物控制的主要因素。 3.1 清酒過濾系統 清酒過濾系統我們主要排查了過濾機酒液、后緩沖酒液及高濃稀釋后酒液的微生物情況,結果如下: | 物料名稱 | 取樣日期 | PCA | 單位 | MRS | 單位 | 過濾機出口酒液 | 20120520 | 0 | 個/200ml | 0 | 個/200ml | 后緩酒 | 20120520 | 16 | 個/200ml | 0 | 個/200ml | 稀釋后酒液 | 20120520 | 0 | 個/200ml | 0 | 個/200ml | 過濾機出口酒液 | 20120521 | 0 | 個/200ml | 0 | 個/200ml | 后緩酒 | 20120521 | 12 | 個/200ml | 0 | 個/200ml | 稀釋后酒液 | 20120521 | 0 | 個/200ml | 0 | 個/200ml | 物料名稱 | 檢驗日期 | PCA | 單位 | MRS | 單位 | 過濾機出口酒液 | 20120614 | 0 | 個/200ml | 0 | 個/200ml | 稀釋后酒液 | 20120614 | 4 | 個/200ml | 0 | 個/200ml | 后緩酒 | 20120614 | 0 | 個/200ml | 0 | 個/200ml | 過濾機出口酒液(前) | 20120615 | 0 | 個/200ml | 0 | 個/200ml | 稀釋后酒液(前) | 20120615 | 0 | 個/200ml | 0 | 個/200ml | 后緩酒(前) | 20120615 | 0 | 個/200ml | 0 | 個/200ml | 過濾機出口酒液(中) | 20120615 | 0 | 個/200ml | 0 | 個/200ml | 稀釋后酒液(中) | 20120615 | 0 | 個/200ml | 0 | 個/200ml | 后緩酒(中) | 20120615 | 0 | 個/200ml | 0 | 個/200ml | 物料名稱 | PCA | 單位 | HW霉菌數量 | HW酵母菌數量 | HW細菌數量 | HW好氧菌總數 | HW好氧菌計數單位 | MRS厭氧菌數量 | MRS厭氧菌計數單位 | 跨接管路擦拭 | 100000 | 個/200ml | 0 | 0 | 100000 | 100000 | 個/200ml | 30 | 個/200ml | 進罐前管道酒 | 8 | 個/200ml | 0 | 2600 | 0 | 2600 | 個/200ml | 0 | 個/200ml | 清酒 | 80 | 個/200ml | 0 | 1900 | 0 | 1900 | 個/200ml | 0 | 個/200ml | 清酒罐底酒(出) | 100000 | 個/200ml | 0 | 2300 | 0 | 2300 | 個/200ml | 272 | 個/200ml | 管口擦拭(滅菌前) | 100000 | 個/200ml | 28 | 32 | 0 | 60 | 個/200ml | 0 | 個/200ml | 管口擦拭(滅菌后) | 4 | 個/200ml | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 個/200ml | 0 | 個/200ml | 物料名稱 | 取樣日期 | PCA(個/200m) | HW霉菌數量 | HW酵母菌數量 | HW細菌數量 | HW好氧菌總數 | HW好氧菌計數單位 | MRS厭氧菌數量(個/200ml) | 進罐前管道酒 | 20120719 | 0 | 0 | 2600 | 0 | 2600 | 個/200ml | 0 | 清酒罐底酒(出) | 20120719 | 8 | 0 | 1900 | 0 | 1900 | 個/200ml | 0 |